Clinical Efficacy of Maxingshigantang Enema in Treating Infants with Pneumonia and Asthma and Intervention Mechanism of Lung-intestine Microenvironment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Maxingshigantang enema in the treatment of infant viral pneumonia by comparing related indicators， and comprehensively evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） enema on the intestinal microenvironment. MethodSixty infants with viral pneumonia were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. The dosage of enema drugs in high- （0.117 g·mL-1） and low-concentration （0.07 g·mL-1） TCM enema groups was same （3.5 g per time）， and the control group received normal saline enema， once a day for 7 days. Finally， the curative effect， total symptom score， salivary secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA）， human beta defensin 2 （hBD2） and fecal calprotectin （CALP） of each group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0， and the clinical efficacy of TCM enema in treating children with pneumonia and asthma was comprehensively evaluated. ResultThe curative effect of high-concentration TCM enema group （total effective rate 100%， χ2=7.059） was equivalent to that of low-concentration TCM enema group （total effective rate 95%， χ2=4.329）， higher than that of control group （total effective rate 70%） （P<0.017）. After treatment， compared with control group and low-concentration TCM enema group， high-concentration TCM enema group had higher total symptom score of children （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The proportion of coccobacillus was reduced in three groups， with high- and low-concentration TCM enema groups lower than control group （P<0.05）. The salivary sIgA concentration was increased in three groups （P<0.05）， with high-concentration TCM enema group higher than the other groups （P<0.01）. The hBD2 concentration was decreased in three groups， with high- and low-concentration TCM enema groups lower than control group （P<0.05）. The three groups reduced the fecal CALP concentration， and high-concentration TCM enema group had the highest reduction， followed by low-concentration TCM enema group （P<0.01）. ConclusionTCM enema outweighs western medicine in improving clinical symptoms， intestinal flora， and mucosal immune function， and reducing inflammation in children， and the high-concentration TCM enema group has better curative effect. Therefore， with easiness to operate， high compliance， and significant therapeutic effect， TCM enema is worthy of clinical promotion.

ß-defensin-2 in breast milk displays a broad antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria / ß-defensina 2 no leite materno mostra uma ampla atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias patogênicas

OBJECTIVE: To describe the antimicrobial activity of ß-defensin-2 produced in the mammary gland and secreted in human breast milk. METHODS: The peptide production was performed by DNA cloning. ß-defensin-2 levels were quantified in 61 colostrum samples and 39 mature milk samples from healthy donors, by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using halo inhibition assay, this study assessed activity against seven clinical isolates from diarrheal feces of children between 0 and 2 years of age. The activity of ß-defensin-2 against three opportunistic pathogens that can cause nosocomial infections was determined by microdilution test. RESULTS: The peptide levels were higher in colostrum (n = 61) than in mature milk samples (n = 39), as follows: median and range, 8.52 (2.6-16.3) µg/ml versus 0.97 (0.22-3.78), p < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney test. The recombinant peptide obtained showed high antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogenic bacteria. Its antibacterial activity was demonstrated in a disk containing between 1-4 µg, which produced inhibition zones ranging from 18 to 30 mm against three isolates of Salmonella spp. and four of E. coli. ß-defensin-2 showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL for S. marcescen and P. aeruginosa, respectively, while a higher MIC (4 µg/mL) was obtained against an isolated of multidrug-resistant strain of A. baumannii. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to report ß-defensin-2 levels in Latin American women. The production and the activity of ß-defensin-2 in breast milk prove its importance as a defense molecule for intestinal health in pediatric patients. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever a atividade antimicrobiana da defensina-beta 2 na glândula mamária e secretada no leite materno humano. MÉTODOS: A produção de peptídeos foi realizada por clonagem de DNA. Os níveis de defensina-beta 2 foram quantificados em 61 amostras de colostro e 39 de leite maduro de doadoras saudáveis pelo teste ELISA indireto. Por um ensaio de halo de inibição, avaliamos a atividade contra sete isolados clínicos diarreicos de crianças entre 0 e 2 anos. A atividade da defensina 2 contra três patógenos oportunistas que podem causar infecções nosocomiais foi determinada pelo teste de microdiluição. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de peptídeos estavam significativamente maiores nas amostras de colostro (n = 61) que de leite maduro (n = 39), como segue: 8,52 (2,6-16,3 µg/mL) mediana e faixa em comparação a 0,97 (0,22-3,78), p < 0,0001; teste de Mann-Whitney. O peptídeo recombinante foi obtido da alta atividade antimicrobiana demonstrada contra uma ampla gama de bactérias patogênicas. Sua atividade antibacteriana foi demonstrada em um disco contendo entre 1-4 µg, que produziu zonas de inibição entre 18 e 30 mm contra três isolados de Salmonella spp. e quatro de E. coli. A defensina-beta 2 demonstrou concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIMs) de 0,25 µg/mL e 0,5 µg/mL para S. marcescen and P. aeruginosa, ao passo que uma CIM maior (4 µg/mL) foi obtida contra um isolado de cepa multirresistente de A. baumannii. CONCLUSÕES: Até onde sabemos, este estudo é o primeiro a relatar níveis de defensina em mulheres da América Latina. A produção e a atividade da defensina 2 no leite materno comprovam sua importância como uma molécula de defesa para a saúde intestinal em pacientes pediátricos. .

Role of Human Beta Defensin-2 and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Ovarian Cancer Patients.

To determine the role of human beta defensin-2 and oxidative stress by measuring serum human beta defensin-2 and antioxidant parameters in ovarian cancer patients. Study Design: Serum human beta defensin-2 (HBD-2), and the levels of antioxidants such as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as blood reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum malondialdhyde (MDA) were estimated in the circulation of 29 ovarian cancer patients and 15 of agematched normal subjects as control. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology, Mansoura University Hospital, between May 2011 and November 2012. Methodology: We included 29 patients (all women; age range 20-76 years) with ovarian cancer and the control group comprised 15 age-matched women free from diseases (age range 22-65 years)and was recruited from the gynecology outpatient clinic, Mansoura University. Exclusion criteria were lack of informed consent, patients with associated gynecologic malignancies like cervical, uterine, breast cancers, preexisting immunological as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, smoking, and other associated malignancies as colonic, lung carcinoma. Also, patients with any concomitant illness such as obvious systemic infection, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal diseases prior chemo- or radiotherapy, or using corticosteroid therapy were excluded. Results: A highly significant lowered levels of human beta defensin-2 (.85 +/- .26 ng/ml, P=0.001), catalase activities (504.98 +/- 107.65 U/L, P=0.001), reduced glutathione levels (7.24 +/- 5.36 mg/dl, P=0.001) and total antioxidant capacity levels (1.53 +/- .24 mmol/L, P=0.001) compared with controls (2.74 +/- .92 ng/ml, 717.57 +/- 67.32 U/L, 14.79 +/- 4.29 mg/dl and 2.10 +/- .27 mmol/L respectively). On the other hand, highly significant increased in the concentration of malondialdhyde (9.36 +/- 3.30 mmol/ml, P=0.001) and significantly increased of superoxide dismutase % inhibition (56.70 +/- 9.23 %inhibition, P=0.044) were observed in ovarian cancer patients as compared with controls (6.00 +/- 2.06 mmol/ml and 49.69 +/- 16.83 %inhibition respectively). Conclusion: The results would suggest that lower human beta defensin-2 as well as oxidative stress may be putative factors in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.

The Tissue Microarray Technology and Its Preliminary Application in Evaluation of the Expression and Clinical Significance of hBD in the Vocal Cord Polyp / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

0.05).?-defensin 2 was detected in the specimens of vocal cord polyp,but very little in the subjects of other two groups.Its expression level was significantly higher in the vocal cord polyp than that of the other two groups(P